Brazil’s Coffee Industry and Economic Growth
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Brazil’s coffee industry has shaped the country’s economy, social structure, and global identity. Introduced in the 18th century, coffee became the primary export by the 19th century, fueling wealth in São Paulo and Minas Gerais.
The coffee economy drove infrastructure development, including railways, ports, and urban centers, facilitating trade both domestically and internationally. Wealth generated by coffee influenced politics during the Old Republic, with coffee elites playing a key role in national governance.
Immigrant labor, primarily from Italy, Germany, and Japan, supported plantations and urban development, enriching Brazil’s cultural landscape. Coffee exports also contributed to social mobility and urbanization, as laborers and immigrants sought better opportunities in cities.
Modern coffee production continues to impact Brazil’s economy, employing millions and maintaining the country’s position as the world’s largest coffee exporter. Understanding Brazil’s coffee history highlights the interplay between agriculture, culture, and economic transformation.